*Tartt's Scientific Approach*

"Are *All Men* Created Equal?" (Part 1)

Greetings to you, it's good to be with you again. Let me warn you at this point that this may be a very difficult subject to deal with for some, so if you are emotionally "sensitive" to racial discussions and objectivity please stop reading this now. Scientists are trained to be empirical fact- finders. Nothing more, nothing less. This information must become available to the general public or the nature of this problem and how to solve it will never become clear. "Politically Correct" or not, let's get on with it. Today we are dealing with the subject of inherent intelligence, intelligence quotient, or "IQ". Right or wrong many adverse behavioral patterns and lack of achievement have been attributed to certain *groups* with historically low per capita of intellectual accomplishment, especially in the areas of math and science. It must be stated at this point that the following research criteria is not based on opinion(s) but upon scientific, published, reviewed, and generally agreed upon material. Let's take a look at some of the comparative numbers of "average IQ" (by country or region) that have been compiled by experts. There are *193* entries in this study and I do not have the time and space to list them all, but I have tried to list a representative number. Keep in mind that the IQ scores seen here are not based on standardized exams about the knowledge of cultures and practices beyond their own, on the contrary, they are home-based IQ aptitude tests specifically designed for comparative fairness. This kind of information has been around, known and accepted by credible scientists for well over one hundred years but is seldom openly discussed in public forums.

*Comments*

As you have seen, for this report I offer the above data, which is one of the largest efforts yet attempted. This study by Dr. Richard Lynn, Professor (Emeritus) of Psychology at the University of Ulster, North Ireland and Dr. Tatu Vanhanen, Professor (Emeritus) of Political Science at the University of Tampere, Finland. This study in their book titled "Race differences in Intelligence" represents the largest collection and review of global cognitive ability data to date. It covers nine global regions, surveying 620 published studies from around the world, with a total of *813, 778* tested individuals! To quickly put this massive work into context Dr. Lynn's meta-analysis lists the average IQ of East Asians at (105), Europeans (99), Inuit Eskimo's (91), Southeast Asians and Amerindians (87 each), Pacific Islanders (85), South Asians/North Africans (including Middle Easterners) (84), East and West Africans (67), Australian Aborigines (62), and Bushmen and Pygmies (54). It is believed by Dr. Lynn and other professionals that the genotypic IQ of African Americans (without European admixture) is 80-85 and the lower scores of some of the other African regions have been stunted by malnutrition over time.

Also, in order to better helpsubstantiate this report andsome ofit's conclusions I will briefly mention the work of Dr. Arthur Jensen, Professor (Emeritus) of Educational Psychology at the University of California, Berkeley. Dr. Jenson has been rated as one of the top 50 Psychologists of the 20th Century and is known for his work in Psychometrics and Differential Psychology. Dr. Jensen is a major *proponent* of the *Hereditarian* position in the nature versus nurture debate about the causes of race-based differences in intelligence. Dr. Jensen has authored over 400 scientific papers on this subject and currently sits on the boards of many acclaimed scientific journals dealing with the subject of intelligence.

Again, most serious scientists do not dispute these findings. One can clearly see a noticeable difference between the northern and the southern hemisphere's average IQ scores. Also, it is noted that for the last ninety years of IQ testing, African Americans and non-White Latino's continue to score 15-20 points lower than their Caucasian/Asian counterparts with a similar "basic type" education. While some progress has been made, the methods used and the energy applied to this problem should have brought about more improved results a lot sooner. This report is one attempt to show why this difference still remains true today. Remember, IQ is *not* knowledge of things one is supposed to know from memory only, but also one's "aptitude" and ability to comprehend abstract ideas and incorporate those ideas into actionable rationale patterns. These "thoughtful" rational problem solving patterns originate in the part of the brain called the *Neocortex*. Let's briefly take a look at the Human Brain.

*The Human Brain*

The Human Brain is made up of four (4) basic parts: (with other parts within these four)

1. The Cerebrum, Reasoning, Speech, Vision, Memory, etc. and the *Neocortex*
2. The Cerebellum: Movement, Posture, Balance, etc.
3. The Limbic System: Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Hippocampus, etc.
4. The *Reptilian Brain* (or Brain Stem) Controls: Fight, Flight, Fear, Love, Hate, Mating, Superstitions, Religious Fanaticism, Deception, (things imagined) Breathing, Heartbeat, Blood Pressure, All types of "Automatic Reflexes" both physical and emotional. Also, obsessive-compulsive behaviors. This "Reptilian Brain" is the part of the brain that we will be discussing in this report.

The *Reptilian Brain* (Brain Stem)

The Reptilian Brain or "Brain Stem" is the most ancient part of the human brain. Like the neocortex it has two hemispheres. The Reptilian Brain consists of the upper part of the spinal cord and the basal ganglia, the diencephalon, and parts of the midbrain. All of which sits atop the spinal column like a knob in the middle of our heads. The amount of neurons in the reptilian brain accounts for more than half of the neurons that make up the entire brain, but it does not take up that amount of space. The neurons in the reptilian brain are more densely packed than in the rest of the brain. Scientists have learned that among the many functions controlled by this organ, it also memorizes skills, and thought patterns. After a skill is memorized in the Cerebrum/neocortex it is "wired" to the reptilian brain, so the body can perform the action(s) "automatically" with little or no concious thought. Attitudes, emotional reactions, habits, conditioned behaviors, love, hate, superstition, religious fanaticism, blood pressure, obsessive-compulsive behavior, and unconscious reflexes are all connected to and incorporated into this part of the brain.

Recent discoveries based on brain scans have revealed that the Reptilian brain is the most active area of the Cranial System. It is also known that the neurons in the reptilian brain make far more connections on average than the neurons in the neocortex. The average amount of connections in the neocortex for a neuron is about 40,000, while the the neurons in the reptilian brain (called Purkinje's Cells) make between 100,000 and one million connections. Over time, more complex layers of rational thought material and additional intellectual capacity were added *upon* this foundation (the neocortex). For instance: Acting out excessive rage means our reptilian brain is "overriding" our more rational neocortex.

- Henri W. Tartt

Continued to Part 2...

Henri W. Tartt

Supervising Chemist &

Chief of Microbiology

City of Cleveland, Ohio (Retired)

Email:henri@henriwtartt.com